Our societal changes, favoring the minimization of physical effort, are particularly problematic based on the assumption that individuals possess an innate tendency to conserve energy and avoid unnecessary physical exertion. These statistics are part of a large body of evidence associating occupational activities with health issues, clearly urging for appropriate worksite interventions to improve tertiary employees' health. According to some studies, the mortality rate is increased by 2% for every seated hour and can reach up to 8% per hour when the total consecutive time spent seated is above 8 h per day ( 13). Recent research including meta-analyses have clearly underlined the negative impact of seated occupational activities on overall mortality ( 11, 12). To date, while few data are available regarding employees' physical activity, their sedentary time and health-related consequences have been particularly studied. In their research, Church and colleagues reported a decrease of about 100 calories in the daily occupation-related energy expenditure over the last 50 years in the United States, which plays a significant role in the body weight of both men and women ( 10). This sedentariness has lately been described as a major mortality risk factor ( 7), independent of physical activity ( 8), and ~5.3 million of deaths are attributed to physical inactivity ( 9).Ī worker's activity has evolved throughout the last century, clearly shifting to more sedentary occupational tasks, and this “tertiarization” results in workplaces that are of particular concern. The last century has been the cradle of our societies' modernization and automation favoring the occurrence and development of sedentary opportunities and behaviors. In addition to reducing the risk of mortality, regular physical activity favors healthy growth and aging and prevents the occurrence of many chronic diseases ( 6). The beneficial effects of physical activity have been clearly described in the literature with recent meta-analyses providing a high level of evidence regarding its impact on overall mortality ( 1, 2), cardiovascular disease-related mortality ( 3), or cancer-relate mortality ( 3– 5). Finally, simple modifications in the workplace will be suggested in order to decrease sedentary behaviors. Nowadays, since most working adults spend a high proportion of their waking hours in increasingly sedentary tasks, there will be a particular focus on the field of occupational health. This paper will briefly review the most recent and accepted definitions of these concepts and illustrate their relationships. Thus, there is a need to provide a clear definition in order to distinguish sedentary behaviors from physical activity and inactivity. Although the body of literature in this field has grown, confusion still exists regarding the correct definition for sedentary behaviors. Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, Franceīased on the increasing evidence linking excessive sedentary behaviors and adverse health outcomes, public health strategies have been developed and constantly improved to reduce sedentary behaviors and increase physical activity levels at all ages. 8Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, G.7Département de Médecine Générale, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.6University Clermont 1, UFR Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.5INRA, UMR 1019, Clermont-Ferrand, France.4Département de Kinésiologie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.3Département de L'éducation Physique, Faculté des Sciences de L'éducation, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.2CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.1Clermont Auvergne University, EA 3533, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions, Clermont-Ferrand, France.Genin 1,2,5,6, Shirin Panahi 3,4, Daniel Rivière 7 and Martine Duclos 2,5,6,8
David Thivel 1,2 *, Angelo Tremblay 3,4, Pauline M.
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